No matter how you pronounce it, peonies make a stunning addition to any landscape. These hardy perennials feature large, vibrant blooms in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes, with a lovely fragrance to match.
While they can take a few years to establish, a healthy peony plant can thrive for more than 100 years! The American Peony Society recognizes four main types of peonies: herbaceous, woody (tree), Itoh (intersectional) and species.
Ideal for beginner gardeners, herbaceous peonies are hardy and adaptable to a range of growing conditions. The Lactiflora cultivars are the most commonly grown and come in a wide array of colors and flower forms, making them perfect for both garden displays and cut flowers. Herbaceous hybrids also fall into this category, offering even more variety while maintaining similar growth habits.
Woody peonies grow with a more upright, shrub-like habit but still produce the large, showy flowers peonies are known for. For colder climates, Rockii hybrids are a great choice. Most peony varieties, including woody types, grow well in West Virginia and similar zones.
Itoh peonies are hybrids between Lactiflora and woody peonies. They combine the best of both types – grown like herbaceous varieties but featuring the foliage, stems and flowers of woody peonies. Itoh varieties are known for being hardy, easy to care for and disease resistant.
Species peonies are closer to their wild relatives and can be more challenging to grow. However, they often produce unique blooms not found in cultivated varieties, offering a rewarding experience for adventurous gardeners.
Peonies should be planted away from trees and shrubs – especially lilacs – as they compete for the same nutrients. Choose a location with well-drained soil and avoid low spots where water collects. Most peonies prefer full sun, though some woody types tolerate partial shade. They don’t require much water in summer but need consistent moisture in spring and fall.
Deadheading, or removing spent blooms, will keep the plant looking beautiful. Staking or providing support for the peony will keep large blooms from falling over.
A common myth is that peonies need ants to bloom. In truth, ants are simply attracted to the sugary secretions on flower buds – they’re not essential to the blooming process.
By Ryan Snyder, WVU Extension Agent – Berkeley County